[Short-term and long-term effects of all-ceramic onlay on restoration of premolars and its influence on dental function].

PURPOSE: To investigate the short-term and long-term effects of all-ceramic onlay on restoration of premolars and its influence on dental function. METHODS: Ninety-five premolars receiving root canal treatment in People's Hospital of Peking University from January 2017 to January 2018 were enrolled, and randomly divided into two groups based on different repairing methods. Patients in the control group (n=47) received full crown restoration, while patients in the experimental group(n=48) received all-ceramic onlay restoration. The success, survival and failure rates of the teeth were compared. The United States Public Health Service(USPHS) and occlusal function of the prosthesis were compared 6, 12 and 36 months after treatment. The data were processed using SPSS 19.0 software package. RESULTS: The success and survival rate of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group, but without significant difference (P＞0.05). The morphology, marginal integrity, marginal coloration, surface texture, secondary caries, gingival health and proximal contacts showed no significant difference between the two groups 12 months after treatment(P＞0.05). Thirty-six months after treatment, the marginal integrity, marginal coloration and surface texture showed no significant difference between the two groups (P＞0.05), while the morphology, secondary caries, gingival health and proximal contacts were significantly better in the experimental group than in the control group (P＜0.05). The occlusal function between the affected side and contralateral side of both groups showed no significant difference 6, 12 and 36 months after treatment(P＞0.05). CONCLUSIONS: All-ceramic onlay restoration of premolars has high success and survival rate, and good short-term and long-term restoration effect, which is beneficial to improve the occlusal function of the affected teeth.

Synthesis, preliminarily biological evaluation and molecular docking study of new Olaparib analogues as multifunctional PARP-1 and cholinesterase inhibitors.

A series of new Olaparib derivatives was designed and synthesized, and their inhibitory activities against poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases-1 (PARP-1) enzyme and cancer cell line MDA-MB-436 in vitro were evaluated. The results showed that compound 5l exhibited the most potent inhibitory effects on PARP-1 enzyme (16.10 ± 1.25 nM) and MDA-MB-436 cancer cell (11.62 ± 2.15 µM), which was close to that of Olaparib. As a PARP-1 inhibitor had been reported to be viable to neuroprotection, in order to search for new multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the inhibitory activities of the synthesized compounds against the enzymes AChE (from electric eel) and BChE (from equine serum) were also tested. Compound 5l displayed moderate BChE inhibitory activity (9.16 ± 0.91 µM) which was stronger than neostigmine (12.01 ± 0.45 µM) and exhibited selectivity for BChE over AChE to some degree. Molecular docking studies indicated that 5l could bind simultaneously to the catalytic active of PARP-1, but it could not interact well with huBChE. For pursuit of PARP-1 and BChE dual-targeted inhibitors against AD, small and flexible non-polar groups introduced to the compound seemed to be conducive to improving its inhibitory potency on huBChE, while keeping phthalazine-1-one moiety unchanged which was mainly responsible for PARP-1 inhibitory activity. Our research gave a clue to search for new agents based on AChE and PARP-1 dual-inhibited activities to treat Alzheimer's disease.

In silico identification of AChE and PARP-1 dual-targeted inhibitors of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of the elderly that seriously affects the quality of life and the life expectancy of those affected. There is, as yet, no effective drug treatment of AD, although several acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors and a glutamate antagonist can provide relief from its symptoms. Recent studies have indicated that the overactivation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) may promote nerve cell death in the brains of AD patients, implying that PARP-1 inhibition may have therapeutic value for the treatment of AD. Therefore, it is important to investigate novel agents with both AChE- and PARP-1-inhibitory bioactivities. In this study, the structure-based virtual screening of PARP-1 inhibitors was performed to search for potential agents with high affinities for AChE. The dynamic stability of the selected AChE-ligand complexes was investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Two compounds, CID57390505 and CID71605390, showed high affinities for and stability in complex with AChE in docking and MD simulations. Thus, our in silico research identified two compounds with AChE and PARP-1 dual-targeted activities, indicating that this technique could aid attempts to develop more potent agents against AD.

[Expression, roles and therapy target values of CD24 in oral squamous cell carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the expression profile and potential roles of CD24 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and explore the values of CD24 function as a potential target of clinical therapy. METHODS: Semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry was used to construct the expression profile of CD24 in 78 human oral tissues and 59 Hamster buccal pouch tissues. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot were used to analyze the CD24 expression levels in oral DOK4 cells, oral cancer CAL-27 and WSU-HN6 cells. Then these two cancer cell lines were selected to evaluate the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and CD24 antibody on CD24 expression, and the proliferation and tumorsphere formation capacity of these two cell lines. RESULTS: CD24 expression was found significantly elevated in both human and animal tissues compared with normal and benign tissues (P<0.05), as well as in oral cancer CAL-27 and WSU-HN6 cells compared with DOK cells (P<0.05). CAL-27 and WSU-HN6 cells possess increased proliferative and specific tumorsphere formation capability compared with DOK cells (P<0.05). Both ATRA and CD24 antibody were able to effectively inhibit the proliferation and tumorsphere formation of CAL-27 and WSU-HN6 cells (P<0.05). Among them ATRA at least involved partially in the proliferation by down-regulating the CD24 expression (P<0.05), while CD24 antibody blocking had no effect on the CD24 expression. CONCLUSION: CD24 was upregulated in oral cancer and functioned as a potential factor that promoted the proliferation and tumorsphere formation of CAL-27 and WSU-HN6 cells. Both ATRA and CD24 antibody might effectively inhibit the proliferation and tumorsphere formation of CAL-27 and WSU-HN6 cells and function as a potential therapy target.

[Facial proportions and comparison of the Han and Uygur adult in Xinjiang area].

PURPOSE: To explore the vertical and horizontal proportions of the face and difference between the Han and Uygur normal adults in Xinjiang area. METHODS: According to certain standards, the adult Han and Uygur college students in Urumqi City were randomly selected for this study. These students were divided into male and female groups. Frontal photographs were taken for every subject in accordance with same standards. The data was imported into computer, with 20 standard anthropometric marks be determined, and 15 measurements were performed through Photoshop software. Independent sample t test was applied for measuring results by SPSS19.0 software package. RESULTS: The face of males were shorter and wider than that of females. Compared with the females, the males had bigger alar width. However, the Han adults had smaller palpebral fissure and mouth width, bigger alar and intercanthal compared with the Uygur adults. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that there are significant differences between 2 nationalities and sexes in facial proportions in Xinjiang area.

[Profile analysis and comparison of the Han and Uygur adult in Xinjiang area].

PURPOSE: To obtain the profile and difference between the Han and Uygur normal adult in Xinjiang area. METHODS: According to the accepted standards, the Han and Uygur college students in Urumqi city were randomly selected for this study. These students were divided into 2 groups according to gender. Profiles were taken for every subject in accordance with same standards respectively. The data were imported into computer. Photoshop software was used for measuring the profiles in many measurement projects at fixed point. Independent sample t test was applied for achieved data with SPSS19.0 software package. RESULTS: The lip protrusion of the male was larger than that of the female and the tip of nose was the opposite. However, the Han adults have protruding lips, underdeveloped chin and upturned nose compared with the Uygur adults. CONCLUSIONS: There are significant differences of profile between 2 nationalities and sexes in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

[Fatigue and fracture resistance of the flared roots restored with computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing glass fiber posts].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the fatigue and fracture resistance of the flared roots restored with computer aided design (CAD) and computer aided manufacturing (CAM) glass fiber posts. METHODS: In the study, 32 maxillary central incisors with roots longer than 13 mm were selected and their canals were flared, and the roots were allocated into 4 groups (n=8) by a random number chart: CAD/CAM glass fiber posts, prefabricated quartz fiber posts, cast gold alloy posts, and CAD/CAM zirconia posts. The posts were luted to the roots by resin cement and fabricate zirconia crown for every specimen. An addition-type silicone impression material was used to simulate the periodontal ligament. All the specimens were submitted to 1.2×10(6) cycles loaded with a 49 N force, at 45 degree to the long axis of the teeth simultaneously with 3 000 thermal cycles (5 °C-50 °C-5 °C). After that, the specimens were subjected to a load at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min in a servo-hydraulic testing machine applied at 45 degree to the long axis of the tooth until fracture. The data were subjected to ANOVA test and the patterns of the failure were examined. RESULTS: After the cycling loading, 4 crowns from prefabricated quartz fiber posts groups were deboned, and no other failure was found after the cycling loading; the fracture strengths of CAD/CAM glass fiber posts group [(441.5± 103.2) N] and cast gold alloy posts group [(462.9±170.0) N] were higher (F=4.613, P<0.05) than those of CAD/CAM zirconia posts group [(284.1±99.0) N] and prefabricated quartz fiber posts group [(315.4±112.3) N]; the entire specimens presented unfavorable failures. CONCLUSION: Although further in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary, the results of this study show that the use of CAD/CAM glass fiber posts and cast gold alloy posts may achieve better outcomes in flared roots than that of CAD/CAM zirconia posts and prefabricated quartz fiber posts.

[Investigation of the color of anterior teeth, vermilion and attachment gingiva of 151 Uygur youth].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of color of Uygur's oral soft and hard tissue. METHOD: One hundred and fifty-one Uygur medical students (18 to 22 years) were included in this study. The Lab*, Cab*, Hab0, values of subjects' anterior teeth, upper and lower vermilion, attachment gingiva were measured. RESULTS: The mean and distribution of Lab*, Cab*, Hab0, values of Uygur youth' anterior teeth were obtained. The Lab* values of attachment gingiva, upper and lower vermilion in male were 50.50 +/- 3.59, 41.92 +/- 4.10, 45.02 +/- 3.06, and Cab* were 29.94 +/- 3.21, 27.00 +/- 2.47, 30.35 +/- 2.67, and Hab0 were 30.00 +/- 3.27, 31.71 +/- 3.69, 27.73 +/- 3.27, respectively. The Lab* values of attachment gingiva, upper and lower vermilion in female were 54.28 +/- 5.06, 41.73 +/- 3.70, 47.27 +/- 2.97, and Cab* were 27.98 +/- 3.93, 27.23 +/- 2.42, 31.22 +/- 2.59, and Hab0 were 33.39 +/- 3.67, 32.28 +/- 3.68, 27.57 +/- 2.65. CONCLUSIONS: There was a specific color space distribution pattern in oral soft and hard tissue in Uygur youth. There was a trend of decreasing lightness, increasing saturation, and red hue shifting from the center to both distal directions. There was statistical significant gender difference in color of tooth and attachment gingiva. What's more, there was extremely significant difference between upper and lower vermilion.